enseignement supérieur – Réforme du 3e cycle pharmaceutique et mise en place du DES

This written question concerns the reform of postgraduate pharmaceutical training in France, specifically the establishment of the DES (Diplôme d'Études Spécialisées). It seeks clarification on the implementation and objectives of this reform within the higher education system. The reform impacts students, universities, and professional bodies involved in pharmaceutical education. It aims to modernize training pathways and ensure the quality of specialized pharmaceutical care.